Included Tests
The 7MS includes four different tests.
1. Enhanced Cued Recall
The enhanced cued recall test assesses memory and learning by presenting a series of 16 pictures of familiar items. The ability to identify and remember those items—both with cues such as, “type of fruit,” and without any cues—is tested.
After going through all of the pictures, a distracting task such as listing the months of the year in both a forward and backward order is assigned, and then the person is asked again to recall the 16 items above, providing the cue if necessary.
2. Temporal Orientation
This section of the 7MS addresses orientation through the use of the Benton Temporal Orientation Test. It asks the person to identify the correct day, month, year, date, time of day. Other screening tests for dementia may ask similar orientation questions, but this test adjusts the scoring for answers that are close to the correct answer. Other orientation tests often do not factor in an “almost correct” answer, only giving credit for a correct answer and no points for an incorrect answer.
3. Verbal Fluency
The verbal fluency test involves asking the person to name as many animals as she can in 60 seconds.
4. Clock Drawing
The clock drawing test is a frequently used test where the person is asked to draw a clock and set the hands of the clock at a certain time.
Accuracy
The 7MS has been shown to be very effective at identifying multiple types of dementia such as Alzheimer’s, vascular, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia and decreased cognitive functioning related to diabetes. The accuracy of the 7MS was shown to not be affected by age, sex, or education levels.
Several studies have shown that the 7MS consistently can discriminate between someone whose cognition is intact and someone who is experiencing cognitive impairments. As noted above, this test also can also detect mild cognitive impairment, a condition that sometimes but not always progresses to Alzheimer’s disease.
Benefits
In addition to its ability to detect cognitive impairment in its earlier stages, the 7MS takes between seven and eight minutes on average to administer, thus offering an effective way to screen for early dementia symptoms in a time-sensitive manner.
It also requires little training for the test administrators.
Limitations
As with other cognitive tests, the 7MS should be accompanied by other testings by a physician. Diagnosing dementia involves multiple steps, including ruling out other causes of cognitive decline that could be appropriately treated and potentially reversed.
